Early Identification and Management of Psychological Risk Factors (“Yellow Flags”) in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Reappraisal

M.K. Nicholas, PhD, is Associate Professor, Pain Management Research Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.

S.J. Linton, PhD, is Professor and Research Director, Centre of Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Sweden.

P.J. Watson, PhD, is Professor of Pain Management and Rehabilitation, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.

C.J. Main, PhD, FBPsS, is Professor of Clinical Psychology (Pain Management), Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom. Mailing address: Calderbank Research Unit, 87 Palatine Rd, West Didsbury, Manchester M20 3JQ, United Kingdom.

“Decade of the Flags” Working Group (see list of members in the Footnotes section)